1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:07,000
Against terror, there's photographs of torture that took place in Iraq in this, which some viewers might find upsetting.

2
00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:17,000
...

3
00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:21,000
You're Commander-in-Chief, the President of the United States.

4
00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:27,000
Crowd Cheering

5
00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:34,000
America sees itself as a no-nonsense place where solid values are instilled in the people by rational leaders.

6
00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:40,000
This series looks at what happens when the leaders turn to crazy ideas.

7
00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:44,000
We had a Master Sergeant that could stop the heart of a goat.

8
00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:46,000
Just by looking at it.

9
00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:48,000
Just by wanting the goats' heart to stop.

10
00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:50,000
And did the goats' heart stop?

11
00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:52,000
He did it at least once.

12
00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:56,000
I want them to want to get out of there.

13
00:00:56,000 --> 00:00:58,000
To want to get out of the cage?

14
00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:00,000
Yes. He's trying to get out of there.

15
00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:03,000
He knows he wants to get out of there. Get out of there.

16
00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:06,000
Somehow get out of that. Get out of this raid that's going at him.

17
00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:16,000
This film tells the story of how secret military initiatives like these transform themselves into secret military initiatives like these.

18
00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:21,000
The End

19
00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:25,000
The End

20
00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:28,000
The End

21
00:01:28,000 --> 00:01:31,000
The End

22
00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:35,000
When the Abu Ghraib torture photographs leaked out into the world,

23
00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:40,000
Donald Rumsfeld flew to the jail to explain that they were basically holiday snaps

24
00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:45,000
taken by a few bad apples with no support from on high.

25
00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:56,000
In recent days there's been a focus on a few who have betrayed our values and solid the reputation of our country.

26
00:01:56,000 --> 00:02:02,000
Like each of you, I'm sure, and like most Americans, I was stunned.

27
00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:05,000
It was a body blow.

28
00:02:05,000 --> 00:02:10,000
The Bush administration wants the world to believe that these were random acts of sadism.

29
00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:19,000
But we have found that some experiments conducted here and at Guantanamo Bay have a bizarre and secret military ancestry.

30
00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:26,000
The detainees were guinea pigs in the midst of a long-awaited opportunity to try stuff out.

31
00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:33,000
This story begins in May 2003 when torture was still considered funny in America.

32
00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:40,000
U.S. forces in Iraq are using what some are calling a cruel and unusual tool to break the resistance of Iraqi POWs.

33
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:43,000
And trust me, a lot of parents would agree.

34
00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:52,000
Some prisoners are being forced to listen to Barney, the purple dinosaur, sing the I Love You song for 24 straight hours.

35
00:02:52,000 --> 00:03:02,000
According to Newsweek Magazine, one U.S. operative told Newsweek that he listened to Barney for 45 minutes straight and never wants to go through that again.

36
00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:06,000
Four minutes passed there. Katie, sing it with me.

37
00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:08,000
No.

38
00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:12,000
I think about after an hour they're probably spilling the beans, don't you think?

39
00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:13,000
No way.

40
00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:18,000
Alright, Ann, thanks very much. Now we're going to go outside for another check of the weather with Mr. Roker. That's funny, isn't it, Al?

41
00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:22,000
Absolutely. If they don't crack, then they move to the teletubbies.

42
00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:25,000
And that just crushes them like a bug.

43
00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:54,000
It must be a little bewildering for you to hear that these songs of yours are being used somehow in

44
00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:56,000
cargo containers in Iraq.

45
00:03:56,000 --> 00:04:00,000
Well, it's not what we expected when we wrote them. Let's put it that way.

46
00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:11,000
But the story claims that a Syops army company was using the theme from Barney and Sesame Street music and Metallica music, I believe,

47
00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:15,000
and or Sandman, I think, was mentioned, to play to prisoners.

48
00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:25,000
And a sergeant claims that due to the cultural differences, and that's what he said, not me, that prisoners would crack when they heard this music after a while,

49
00:04:25,000 --> 00:04:28,000
and I guess started spewing all kinds of information.

50
00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:34,000
And my first reaction is, oh my gosh, it's my music really that bad, and I was kind of horrified by it, to be honest.

51
00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:38,000
And do you think the prisoners as well as giving away vital information are learning new letters and numbers?

52
00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:41,000
Well, wouldn't that be an incredible double win?

53
00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:51,000
The way we do Sesame Street in between the lines is that we have educational researchers who really test whether these songs and other things we write are working,

54
00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:53,000
whether the kids are learning.

55
00:04:53,000 --> 00:05:01,000
And one year they asked me to write a song to explain what a mountain is, and I wrote a really silly yodeling song about what a mountain was.

56
00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:09,000
And 40% of the kids had known what a mountain was before they heard the song, and after they heard the song only about 26% knew what a mountain was.

57
00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:14,000
So I figured if I had the power to suck information out of people's brains by writing these songs,

58
00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:19,000
maybe that's something that could be useful to the CIA for brainwashing techniques.

59
00:05:29,000 --> 00:05:31,000
I don't remember what comes after that, but that's all they needed.

60
00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:35,000
You don't know what a mountain is now, right? It's gone.

61
00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:44,000
I hoped Christopher might solve the mystery of how his music came to be blasted at Iraqi prisoners, but he didn't know.

62
00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:48,000
In fact, he had his own somewhat different questions.

63
00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:50,000
Well, I don't even know what rate applies.

64
00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:51,000
That's what I mean.

65
00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:52,000
It'll be a money machine.

66
00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:53,000
I know, that's what I'm thinking.

67
00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:58,000
I mean, I could be helping my country, we could be helping our country, and kind of cleaning up at the same time.

68
00:05:58,000 --> 00:06:00,000
What rate would even apply?

69
00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:01,000
I don't know.

70
00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:03,000
Let's say that it was a public performance.

71
00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:05,000
How do you pay for that?

72
00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:07,000
I never did confessionals before.

73
00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:13,000
It's $720 an hour.

74
00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:15,000
That would be $7.20 an hour.

75
00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:16,000
Right.

76
00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:19,000
So it's $70 a day.

77
00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:22,000
That's only in one interrogation room now.

78
00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:23,000
That's one room.

79
00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:26,000
You have a dozen rooms working, you're talking money.

80
00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:28,000
24 hours a day.

81
00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:30,000
No, that's too high.

82
00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:35,000
But if I were negotiating for Ask App, I would say it was coming in the category of the theme rate,

83
00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:38,000
with so much repetition of the same piece.

84
00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:39,000
Right.

85
00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:44,000
So interrogation rooms would be an extension of the...

86
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:45,000
A new category.

87
00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:46,000
Right.

88
00:06:46,000 --> 00:06:47,000
And I think it's about John that...

89
00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:49,000
There we go.

90
00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:59,000
This has never happened in 35 years.

91
00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:01,000
Interrogation rooms.

92
00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:02,000
Right.

93
00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:04,000
Well, maybe that's...

94
00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:05,000
I'm sick.

95
00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:11,000
Like much of America, Christopher and Danny seemed unsure how to respond to this story.

96
00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:17,000
So the conversation shifted between satire and a genuine desire to make some money.

97
00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:24,000
Wanting money for the use of your music in a time of crisis seems a little shabby to me.

98
00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:25,000
Well, is that what you think?

99
00:07:25,000 --> 00:07:28,000
But I would have agreed with that, except that let's look...

100
00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:32,000
Well, I still...

101
00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:35,000
You got me there.

102
00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:40,000
Shabby has never stopped me before.

103
00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:47,000
All I knew was that Barney had been deployed in the small Iraqi town of Al Qaim

104
00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:51,000
and that the man who broke the story was Newsweek's Adam Piore.

105
00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:58,000
It turned out that the story begins with a meeting between Adam and a sergeant called Mark Hadsel.

106
00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:04,000
Well, I actually met Mark Hadsel on one of my first days in Al Qaim.

107
00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:09,000
We pulled up in front of the police station and I badly needed to urinate.

108
00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:12,000
And I didn't want to do it in front of the police station or in the bushes

109
00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:14,000
because I was afraid I would offend the local Iraqis.

110
00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:20,000
And his assistant and his Humvee told me that I should just go on the front tire.

111
00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:23,000
And so I started to and Hadsel threatened to kill me.

112
00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:26,000
So that was how I met the guy.

113
00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:28,000
He said, do you want to get shot?

114
00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:32,000
So I quickly found a different...

115
00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:34,000
Did he have a smell on his face as he said it?

116
00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:37,000
I don't think so.

117
00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:40,000
I'll just do a slide show here.

118
00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:46,000
Maybe Sergeant Hadsel felt guilty for threatening to shoot Adam

119
00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:50,000
because one night in the command centre, Hadsel gave Adam a tip-off.

120
00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:54,000
He said, go look out by where the prisoners are.

121
00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:58,000
And I went over and there was a connex shipping container

122
00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:00,000
and there was a young soldier standing with a really bright light

123
00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:03,000
that he was flashing on and off into the shipping container.

124
00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:06,000
And I was sure it was reverberating around inside this metal container

125
00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:08,000
and driving whoever was in there crazy.

126
00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:10,000
And how loud was it?

127
00:09:11,000 --> 00:09:14,000
It sounded pretty loud to me. I don't know.

128
00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:18,000
But it wasn't. I mean, I could hear this soldier

129
00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:22,000
when he told me he needed to go away.

130
00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:26,000
Adam called Newsweek.

131
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:29,000
He said, I'm sorry, I'm sorry.

132
00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:31,000
I wanted to go away.

133
00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:35,000
Adam called Newsweek and pitched them a number of stories.

134
00:09:35,000 --> 00:09:38,000
Their favourite was the Metallica one.

135
00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:41,000
They wanted a complete playlist.

136
00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:46,000
Adam asked around while his photographer took these pictures

137
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:51,000
of the shipping containers where the music was blasted at the detainees.

138
00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:54,000
These photographs have never been seen before.

139
00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:57,000
Newsweek didn't print them because it was a funny story.

140
00:09:57,000 --> 00:10:03,000
It turns out that the prisoners here were blasted with Metallica, Barney, Sesame Street,

141
00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:08,000
the soundtrack to the movie Triple X and a band called Matchbox 20.

142
00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:13,000
I was told to write it sort of as a humorous type thing.

143
00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:17,000
They called the Barney people for a comment and they got put on hold.

144
00:10:17,000 --> 00:10:20,000
And the last line in the article was, it broke us too.

145
00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:23,000
Because they were playing the Barney I Love You Song.

146
00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:28,000
And then I discovered that similar techniques were also being used

147
00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:31,000
on prisoners at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba.

148
00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:35,000
One of the victims was a mancunian called Jamal Al-Harith.

149
00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:41,000
There'll be times where I'd be thinking, what's happening in Manchester?

150
00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:43,000
Nobody why am I here?

151
00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:45,000
That's not the sort of thing you dwell on.

152
00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:48,000
You just learn to take the day and to handle it.

153
00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:51,000
And then Jamal told me the details of his own work.

154
00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:55,000
And then Jamal told me the details of his own musical bombardment.

155
00:10:55,000 --> 00:11:00,000
And the details were so unexpected, it was almost impossible to know what to think of them.

156
00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:12,000
This is our record-breaking diesel concept car.

157
00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:17,000
Record-breaking? Just not that practical.

158
00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:26,000
Which is why at Vauxhall we took the same technology

159
00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:30,000
and put it into our other diesels.

160
00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:34,000
The new performance diesels from Vauxhall.

161
00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:47,000
We see Fiona exploring a new world filled with learning, filled with wonder.

162
00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:53,000
We see standing ovations and records broken.

163
00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:57,000
We see her finishing at the top of her class.

164
00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:00,000
We see children full of potential.

165
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:04,000
We're inspired to create software that helps them reach it.

166
00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:08,000
He's dropping! Do it!

167
00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:09,000
Stop!

168
00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:12,000
This is Sergeant Dave Bell.

169
00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:16,000
He has a Kahoot loan fixed at just 5.7% APR for the life of the law.

170
00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:17,000
Coffee!

171
00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:30,000
Unfortunately, Kahoot can only make you good with money.

172
00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:34,000
Dave! Don't yell at me!

173
00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:35,000
Come on!

174
00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:20,000
Starting in tomorrow's Daily Express,

175
00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:25,000
we're giving away £5 worth of free shopping at BHS this Christmas.

176
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:28,000
How magic is that?

177
00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:33,000
Free shopping at BHS offer exclusively in tomorrow's Daily Express.

178
00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:35,000
Express delivery!

179
00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:39,000
I love Puma!

180
00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:43,000
When Puma went to Jamaica, they tried to fuse culture with big business.

181
00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:44,000
Puma, we love you!

182
00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:45,000
Yeah!

183
00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:48,000
They just didn't realise how controversial that culture can be.

184
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:50,000
I hope we've got the gap in shoes.

185
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,000
It's not something that brands should be so seething with.

186
00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:58,000
Trainers Reggae and the Olympics, Monday at 11 on 4.

187
00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:05,000
Jamal says he wasn't in Afghanistan to fight.

188
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:08,000
He was sightseeing that the Taliban threw him in jail

189
00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:10,000
thinking he was a British spy,

190
00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:14,000
and then the Americans picked him up thinking he was an Al Qaeda spy.

191
00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:18,000
And the next thing he knew, he was in Shackles and on his way to Guantanamo Bay,

192
00:14:18,000 --> 00:14:21,000
where he remained for the next two years.

193
00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,000
They would have the noises that they were using.

194
00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:24,000
The noises?

195
00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:30,000
Yeah, just like what I would describe as industrial noises and screeches and bangs

196
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,000
and just playing it loud over when you're an interrogation block.

197
00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:38,000
Compressed gas going through, just hear all sorts of things, jumbled noises.

198
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:42,000
The Americans interrogated Jamal for 15 hours a day.

199
00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:46,000
They mistook his innocence for a steely unwillingness to crack.

200
00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:48,000
They were getting angrier with Jamal,

201
00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:51,000
but instead of beating him like they sometimes did,

202
00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:53,000
they did something extraordinary.

203
00:14:53,000 --> 00:14:57,000
It began with them putting a ghetto blaster in his interrogation room.

204
00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:00,000
What did they play you?

205
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,000
Fleetwood Mac, but it wasn't THE Fleetwood Mac.

206
00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:06,000
They had a bunch of girls singing the exact same songs.

207
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:09,000
So an old girl Fleetwood Mac cover?

208
00:15:09,000 --> 00:15:11,000
Yeah, it sounded a bit like that, yeah.

209
00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:13,000
Yeah, just said, oh, I think you might like this or whatever.

210
00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:15,000
Put the CD under and when it finished, you put on another one.

211
00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:17,000
You put on Mach-Bok 20.

212
00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:21,000
This was different to the screeching and the industrial noises

213
00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:24,000
and the blasting of Barney and Al Kain.

214
00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:26,000
It was different and much stranger

215
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:30,000
because they played him these CDs at normal volume.

216
00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:33,000
Were they doing this for entertainment purposes?

217
00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:37,000
It's interrogation. I don't think they were trying to entertain us.

218
00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:40,000
Or you might like this, have a listen to this.

219
00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:42,000
Put it in and he left.

220
00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:43,000
And you heard the whole CD?

221
00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:48,000
Yeah, till it finished and then after a while they'd come in, change it.

222
00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:50,000
And put on Chris Christofferson?

223
00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:53,000
Yeah, put on two albums, I think of him.

224
00:15:53,000 --> 00:16:00,000
All the things you tell me, that seems the weirdest, doesn't it?

225
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:04,000
I don't know because I don't know what's been done before in torture and so on,

226
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:06,000
as I'm new to this.

227
00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:10,000
Matchbox 20, a country rock band from Florida

228
00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:16,000
who are also being played thousands of miles away at the prisoners inside the shipping containers in Al Kain.

229
00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:22,000
I was very surprised that you said to me that in Iraq they played Matchbox 20.

230
00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:25,000
And now that's thinking why did they play the same CD to me as well?

231
00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:26,000
Yes.

232
00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:32,000
So the fact that they're playing these CDs in Iraq and playing the same CDs in Cuba first

233
00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:35,000
and then play them in Iraq means to me there is a program.

234
00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:40,000
They're not playing music because they think people like or dislike Matchbox 20 more than other music

235
00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:43,000
or Chris Christofferson more than other music.

236
00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:47,000
So there is a reason that they're playing that. There's something else going on.

237
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:57,000
What was it about Matchbox 20 that they were considered suitable for torture in Iraq and Cuba?

238
00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:59,000
It's a nice repeating hook, yeah?

239
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,000
Okay, I'll talk.

240
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:03,000
It doesn't sound so bad.

241
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,000
No, it doesn't.

242
00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:08,000
There's a lot more unpleasant songs in there.

243
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:15,000
I'm surprised by that song. It didn't seem particularly grotesque at all.

244
00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:18,000
But I wonder what sounded triple X, soundtrack.

245
00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:25,000
This I understood, it was visceral, an alien.

246
00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:29,000
You know, they put together a CD before they left.

247
00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:33,000
The Cyops, people where I was up in Al Qaim,

248
00:17:33,000 --> 00:17:36,000
they put together a CD and a song.

249
00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:39,000
They put together a CD and a song.

250
00:17:39,000 --> 00:17:44,000
It's about a guy who was in the army and a man who was in the army.

251
00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:51,000
people where I was up in Al-Qaim, they put together a CD of songs they thought would be particularly effective.

252
00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:54,000
In North Carolina, in Fort Brad.

253
00:17:54,000 --> 00:18:00,000
Yeah, I was told the speakers are especially tinny, you know, so it's just that much more annoying.

254
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:05,000
You know what the truth is, they're trying to break you as a person. That's, you know, clear 100%.

255
00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:09,000
You don't think about how deep the rabbit hole goes.

256
00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:12,000
But I mean, you know, it is deep, you know, it is deep.

257
00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:19,000
After six months of tense and delicate negotiations with the Pentagon,

258
00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:23,000
I was finally allowed to see Syop's CD collection.

259
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:32,000
Behind me is a selection of some regional music that's particular to the Middle East area of the world.

260
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:35,000
We want them to listen to what we have to say.

261
00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:41,000
And the music, as you heard earlier, is a big draw for our radio broadcast.

262
00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:45,000
You've got some Western stuff as well as the Arabic stuff.

263
00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:49,000
You've got Avril Lavigne and Nora Jones. What would these be used for?

264
00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:54,000
I don't really want to go into that necessarily as far as particular locations.

265
00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:58,000
This is the US Army's psychological operations headquarters.

266
00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:03,000
It's the unit that blasted the Iraqi prisoners with Barney and Matchbox 20.

267
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:07,000
So whose job is it to choose which music?

268
00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:14,000
That's the responsibility of the Syop specialist working in conjunction with the analysts.

269
00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:18,000
Syops are the US Army's multimedia propaganda department.

270
00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:23,000
They print leaflets and make radio shows to convince the enemy to cooperate,

271
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:29,000
and the CDs are supposed to just provide musical interludes between the propaganda messages.

272
00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:35,000
You know, I remember one time we had some of the local Afghan guards who stopped at our gate.

273
00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:40,000
And they were unsure of whether they were supposed to be there or not,

274
00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:43,000
but he kept handing us slips of paper with writing on it.

275
00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:50,000
And after we took it back to some folks that could read Dari, there was nothing more than song requests.

276
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:57,000
So why are Syops also using their CDs to torture people in amusing and surprising ways?

277
00:19:57,000 --> 00:20:02,000
It wasn't their job. They showed me their TV studios and their archive library

278
00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:05,000
with videos labeled Guantanamo Bay.

279
00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:10,000
Syops aren't supposed to be torturers. They're supposed to basically be leafletters.

280
00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:23,000
Here's a typical Syop leaflet.

281
00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:27,000
So nobody benefits from the use of weapons of mass destruction.

282
00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:34,000
Any unit that chooses to use weapons of mass destruction will face swift and severe retribution by coalition forces.

283
00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:39,000
Unit commanders will be held accountable if weapons of mass destruction are used.

284
00:20:39,000 --> 00:20:46,000
But as you can see, it clearly links an unfulfilled need on their part with a desired behavior on our part.

285
00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:50,000
Their unfulfilled need is they don't want to face severe retribution.

286
00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:54,000
And our desired behavior is don't use weapons of mass destruction.

287
00:20:54,000 --> 00:21:02,000
Well, they didn't. So this may very well have been effective, but it's certainly possible that this influenced a lot of people not to use them.

288
00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:07,000
Then I was bustled out of the conference room and into a wood-lined office.

289
00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:09,000
There you are.

290
00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:18,000
I'm Colonel Jack N. I'm the commander of the Fourth Psychological Operations Group Airborne, Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

291
00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:26,000
I asked Colonel Sumi about the musical torture, and he said he didn't know much because he was new, but he was sure it wasn't Syop's idea.

292
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:32,000
He said Syops were co-opted because they were the ones with the CDs and the loudspeakers.

293
00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:42,000
We are always in support of the commander. And the commander is the senior commander, the maneuver commander, or an area commander, is never a Syop officer.

294
00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:44,000
We are always a support force.

295
00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:56,000
So when we attach that Syop force to that commander, he may identify a use of psychological operations, loudspeaker capability, for that very reason.

296
00:21:56,000 --> 00:22:05,000
If we have combat forces in the field, I would rather see our Syop capability being used to support those combat forces as opposed to some other mission like you kind of outlined.

297
00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:16,000
The Colonel wouldn't say who gave the order to torture people musically, and he said he had no idea why Jamal was played Chris Christopherson at normal volume in Guantanamo Bay.

298
00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:23,000
When I asked him who invented the technique, he said he didn't know that either.

299
00:22:23,000 --> 00:22:32,000
But after three years of research into the history of these experiments, I think I have pinpointed the culprit in the hills above San Francisco.

300
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:37,000
It's as much a surprise to him as it is to me. It's this man.

301
00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:48,000
The sounds are just going to go right through the center of the brain.

302
00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:56,000
I am relaxed. Free flow of ideas come to me now.

303
00:22:57,000 --> 00:23:04,000
I enjoy being creative, and then we'd mix that down and say, I enjoy being creative. I am relaxed.

304
00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:14,000
In the late 1970s, Stephen got a covert and entirely out of the blue visit from a Lieutenant Colonel.

305
00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:21,000
He said he thought Stephen's music might bring about world peace, but Stephen was paranoid about the whole thing.

306
00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:26,000
Would this be a question of aiding and abetting the quote enemy?

307
00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:32,000
On a larger level, though, it's for my country, not a level, it's for the world.

308
00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:36,000
World peace is hard to be against world peace.

309
00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:40,000
So your initial thought was this man is from the enemy?

310
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:44,000
Well, sure. And how do I know he's who he says he is?

311
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:51,000
I don't want music for healing a piece to be used in the wrong way.

312
00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:57,000
The Lieutenant Colonel cross-questions Stephen about the psychic power of music.

313
00:23:57,000 --> 00:24:06,000
But beyond some vague talk about world peace, the Lieutenant Colonel, who said his name was Jim, didn't give much away about his intentions.

314
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:11,000
Did Jim tell you what he wanted to do with this information?

315
00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:12,000
Oh, no.

316
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:18,000
Did you say to Jim, I'm paranoid that you've just approached me, a military person who I don't know?

317
00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:23,000
I probably joked a little something about that. And that was when he said, feel my energy.

318
00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:27,000
And, you know, just, you know, look in my eyes and just feel.

319
00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:31,000
Did he say that? You know not to be paranoid with me because you can feel my energy.

320
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:35,000
I... there was something along those lines.

321
00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:46,000
And so, although the whole thing was weird and unexpected, Stephen was left with a good feeling about the Lieutenant Colonel called Jim.

322
00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:52,000
Once or twice over the last 15 years, his name came up and we wondered whatever happened to that.

323
00:24:52,000 --> 00:25:00,000
Who was the Lieutenant Colonel called Jim? And how did this turn into this?

324
00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:07,000
This is Jim.

325
00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:15,000
So, come on in. Come into the play. Come into the sacred place.

326
00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:24,000
And I might even invite the wind because out here the wind will come if you ask it to. Do you believe that?

327
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:27,000
We have met Jim before in this series.

328
00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:32,000
Why are you unlike my mental picture of a Lieutenant Colonel and the US military?

329
00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:35,000
Because you haven't seen many.

330
00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:45,000
Yeah, the only reason that you have a funny picture of us is because you've been watching too many movies made by people who don't know anything about it.

331
00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:55,000
It was Jim who realized during Vietnam that his men were being killed because they impulsively and kindheartedly fired high, missing the enemy.

332
00:25:55,000 --> 00:26:07,000
I find that the kind of human being that is attracted to military service has a great deal of difficulty being cunning.

333
00:26:07,000 --> 00:26:16,000
And it was Jim who, with the Pentagon's blessing, journeyed into the New Age communities of California in a quest to learn cunning,

334
00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:21,000
which is where Stephen Halpin taught him about the psychic power of music.

335
00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:31,000
When Jim returned from his Californian odyssey, he wrote this secret military document.

336
00:26:31,000 --> 00:26:37,000
In Jim's First Earth Battalion, soldiers would carry baby lambs into hostile countries.

337
00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:42,000
They would greet the enemy with sparkly eyes and an automatic hug.

338
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:48,000
Soldiers would attain the power to pass through objects, sense plant auras,

339
00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:54,000
stop their own hearts with no ill effects, and kill goats just by staring at them.

340
00:26:55,000 --> 00:27:00,000
But Jim's manual wasn't only about harnessing the power of the paranormal.

341
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:11,000
It also suggested psychically mind-changing the enemy by blasting them with subsonic frequencies and acid rock music out of sync.

342
00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:18,000
Before Jim came along, military music was all about pageantry and energizing the troops.

343
00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:24,000
In Vietnam, soldiers blasted themselves with music to put them in the mood for battle.

344
00:27:24,000 --> 00:27:31,000
But the idea of the military using music to psychically mind-change the enemy, that was Jim's idea.

345
00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:36,000
Knowing what you know about the legacy of the First Earth Battalion,

346
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:43,000
and how pervasive it is in the military today, that thing I just told you about what was happening in the containers,

347
00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:48,000
could that have happened because of the First Earth Battalion?

348
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:49,000
Sure.

349
00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:04,000
Now at PC World for only 6.99 the scary-opics PC from Fujitsu Seima's computers

350
00:28:05,000 --> 00:28:10,000
with an Intel Pension 4 processor with HT technology 3.2 GHz.

351
00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:18,000
Massive power and performance for all the family, a recordable DVD for creating and copying your own movies,

352
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:23,000
128 meg graphics for red-hot gaming, and a 17-inch TFT monitor.

353
00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:26,000
We've never seen so much for so little in the top-brand PC.

354
00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:28,000
So hurry, it's only 6.99.

355
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:41,000
In a cold yogurt drink, just one pot a day is enough to lower your cholesterol.

356
00:28:41,000 --> 00:28:46,000
In a cold, proven to reduce cholesterol, try and use strawberry flavour.

357
00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:50,000
Why has your dad had to have a major operation?

358
00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:52,000
Because he had lung cancer.

359
00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:54,000
Because of smoking.

360
00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:56,000
What are you thinking when you look at that?

361
00:28:56,000 --> 00:28:57,000
He changed.

362
00:28:57,000 --> 00:29:00,000
He said, two looks.

363
00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:02,000
He looks happy there.

364
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:08,000
If you want to stop smoking, call 0800 169 0169.

365
00:29:10,000 --> 00:29:14,000
Worried that your coloured hair has lost its softness and shine?

366
00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:19,000
New-dove hair silk nourishes your hair deep inside

367
00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:22,000
and leaves it as soft and shiny as the day it was coloured.

368
00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:29,000
New-dove hair silk revives coloured hair.

369
00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:35,000
New-dove hair silk nourishes your hair deep inside

370
00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:38,000
and leaves it as soft and shiny as the day it was coloured.

371
00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:40,000
New-dove hair silk nourishes your hair deep inside

372
00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:43,000
and leaves it as soft and shiny as the day it was coloured.

373
00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:45,000
New-dove hair silk nourishes your hair deep inside

374
00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:48,000
and leaves it as soft and shiny as the day it was coloured.

375
00:29:48,000 --> 00:29:50,000
New-dove hair silk nourishes your hair deep inside

376
00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:53,000
and leaves it as soft and shiny as the day it was coloured.

377
00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:55,000
New-dove hair silk nourishes your hair deep inside

378
00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:58,000
and leaves it as soft and shiny as the day it was coloured.

379
00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:07,000
It was one of the biggest vaccination scares of recent times.

380
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:12,000
If you knew what we now know, you may have acted differently.

381
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:21,000
Dispatches, MMR, what they didn't tell you, Thursday at 9 on 4.

382
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:31,000
I wanted to know exactly how Jim's ideas and ideas in general

383
00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:35,000
float throughout the US Army until they become something like policy.

384
00:30:35,000 --> 00:30:39,000
Jim says it's rarely as simple as a commander giving an order.

385
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:43,000
It's more like folklore, he says, or mythology.

386
00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:47,000
Mythology has its power as a seed crystal.

387
00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:50,000
When I produced the first Earth Battalion Field Manual,

388
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:54,000
which had 125 basic technologies in it,

389
00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:57,000
that the Army printed this document

390
00:30:57,000 --> 00:31:01,000
and then the most creative leaders in the Army gravitate,

391
00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:04,000
heard about it because they all function in a network,

392
00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:09,000
heard about it, took the manual and literally used it like a catalogue.

393
00:31:10,000 --> 00:31:14,000
I was actually in the headquarters in Arlington, the US Army in SCOM,

394
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:18,000
Intelligence and Security Command headquarters at the time.

395
00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:23,000
I heard about it about the same time everybody in the United States Army heard about it.

396
00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:27,000
No, somebody said, did you hear about the first Earth Battalion?

397
00:31:27,000 --> 00:31:29,000
And I said, the what?

398
00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:35,000
And they said, this guy, Jen, just gave a paper at West Point

399
00:31:35,000 --> 00:31:39,000
and you got to read this paper, it's incredible.

400
00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:42,000
And I read it and it just touched me.

401
00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:46,000
And I think it touched everybody that read it.

402
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:49,000
That's what the first Earth Battalion actually did.

403
00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:54,000
It gave the rest of the Army officer corps and scientists

404
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:57,000
the chance to think the unthinkable,

405
00:31:57,000 --> 00:32:02,000
meaning get out of the box and then get out of the box and then get out of the box.

406
00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:06,000
It affected a lot of the command structure.

407
00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:12,000
And so a lot of people started thinking, particularly in the Special Ops area.

408
00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:14,000
At Fort Bragg?

409
00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:20,000
Yeah, well, Fort Bragg in Special Forces type units.

410
00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:26,000
How could we apply this?

411
00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:33,000
Jim's most fruitful idea was that Army scientists should journey to the wildest corners of their imaginations,

412
00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:39,000
be unafraid of seeming haired, brained and half-baked in their pursuit of a new kind of weapon,

413
00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:43,000
something cunning and big-hearted and non-lethal.

414
00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:49,000
Colonel John Alexander, as a function of being a member of the First Earth Battalion,

415
00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:55,000
introduced Alamos National Laboratories to the whole notion of non-lethal weapons.

416
00:32:55,000 --> 00:33:01,000
And now it's gone, you know, that spectrum of tools is just increasing by the day.

417
00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:06,000
If we have an intruder, this is what we'll do, we'll net them.

418
00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:19,000
John Alexander is the pioneer of strange and exotic military machines, such as the electric belt.

419
00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:26,000
I know that Colonel Alexander was inspired by the First Earth Battalion.

420
00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:32,000
Heavily. He's come up with some pretty wild stuff. A lot of it's probably classified.

421
00:33:32,000 --> 00:33:34,000
Sticky phones.

422
00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:37,000
Oh, that's another one, yeah, the sticky-foam stuff.

423
00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:39,000
And that was the John Alexander invention?

424
00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:42,000
Yeah, that's the John Alexander invention, yeah.

425
00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:50,000
He basically invented the field, gave it presence, began to sort out how it could be used and helpful,

426
00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:54,000
and continues to advise the chief of staff on its development.

427
00:33:54,000 --> 00:34:01,000
Some of Colonel Alexander's great non-lethal advances in recent years have been in the field of acoustics,

428
00:34:01,000 --> 00:34:05,000
like the Blast Wave Projector and the Kirdler Unit.

429
00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:11,000
Acoustics have actually, there's a couple of companies that have made some pretty big leaps.

430
00:34:11,000 --> 00:34:19,000
American technology now has an acoustic system that you can reach out with an acoustic beam up to a mile.

431
00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:27,000
As you get in, there is a switch, they can turn it up, and the power level gets extremely intense.

432
00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:41,000
You are in a US Army restricted zone. The use of deadly forces authorized in this area to park the area immediately.

433
00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:53,000
Jesus, Carl, that's horrible.

434
00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:58,000
There's a similar military machine in development called the Active Denial System,

435
00:34:58,000 --> 00:35:03,000
which blasts a long-range energy beam instead of a piercing sound.

436
00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:12,000
Having been zapped by one of the prototypes, I can say, it's a one-term learning experience.

437
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:14,000
It hurts a lot.

438
00:35:14,000 --> 00:35:19,000
Back in the 1980s and early 90s, the problem for fans of Jim's ideas

439
00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:23,000
was that there was nobody suitably wicked out there to test them out on.

440
00:35:23,000 --> 00:35:29,000
The Cold War was over and these were the fallow years, so they had to test them out on each other instead.

441
00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:38,000
But then a golden opportunity arose in the form of a congregation of somewhat whacked out seventh-day adventists,

442
00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:44,000
whose leader, David Koresh, was selling weapons illegally, and so the government went in.

443
00:35:50,000 --> 00:35:55,000
I think a dissection of what happened at Waco during the 51-day siege that followed

444
00:35:55,000 --> 00:36:01,000
will help to explain what happened in the shipping containers in Guantanamo Bay ten years later.

445
00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:24,000
The people within the church were somewhat alarmingly of one mind, David Koresh's mind.

446
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:31,000
The people on the outside were even more alarmingly of no cohesive mindset whatsoever.

447
00:36:31,000 --> 00:36:36,000
Next, we have a couple of Kansas City's finest members of the SWAT team.

448
00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:39,000
This one here is quite a specimen.

449
00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:43,000
I tell you, in all my years involved in the SWAT team,

450
00:36:43,000 --> 00:36:48,000
I've never seen a gentleman like this that I've learned so much from in just the short time I've been around him.

451
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:51,000
It's just awesome, is about the only word to describe him.

452
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:54,000
Honed, honed to a fine-edge, honed to kill.

453
00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:59,000
That's right, he's just a Rambo. He's just like Rambo out here himself.

454
00:36:59,000 --> 00:37:06,000
The church was surrounded by scores of soldiers and agents from different parts of the intelligence communities,

455
00:37:06,000 --> 00:37:08,000
each with their own eyes and ears.

456
00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:15,000
Those who were inspired by Jim Chanan's First Earth Battalion, or inspired by people who were inspired by it,

457
00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:19,000
had to bide their time and wait for their turn.

458
00:37:19,000 --> 00:37:22,000
But then they got their chance.

459
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:33,000
They would do things like this, but they didn't know what to do.

460
00:37:34,000 --> 00:37:42,000
They would do things like play, sound, tapes of rabbits being slaughtered, or Nancy Sinatra singing songs.

461
00:37:42,000 --> 00:37:48,000
And then they would bring out lights at night, and not that Nancy Sinatra always was that bad,

462
00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:53,000
but the ones that she had kept the point was this, they were trying to have sleep disturbance,

463
00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:57,000
and they were trying to take somebody that they viewed to be unstable to start with,

464
00:37:57,000 --> 00:38:00,000
and then they were trying to drive them crazy.

465
00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:05,000
And then they get mad because he does something that they think is irrational.

466
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:11,000
Maybe the agents thought that the lyrics to this song would persuade David Koresh to surrender.

467
00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:37,000
You know you ain't had time to learn. These boots are made for walking.

468
00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:46,000
And that's just what they'll do. One of these days these boots are gonna walk all over you.

469
00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:47,000
Yes, right here.

470
00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:53,000
Mr. Ricks, is there a consideration to use psychological warfare? Have you discussed it at all?

471
00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:56,000
I don't know what psychological warfare is.

472
00:38:56,000 --> 00:39:02,000
It was reported in the paper that you would play loud music, keep bright lights on the compound all night,

473
00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:06,000
to try to agitate the entire group. Is that a possibility?

474
00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:12,000
We will not discuss tactics of that sort, but I would say the chances are minimal of doing that type of activity.

475
00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:13,000
Yes, ma'am.

476
00:39:13,000 --> 00:39:31,000
There were the sounds of dying rabbits, dentist drills, helicopter rotor blades and sirens.

477
00:39:31,000 --> 00:39:35,000
These ideas had been floating around like folklore for decades.

478
00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:42,000
Suddenly, for the first time in the agents' careers, they had the opportunity to put them into practice.

479
00:39:42,000 --> 00:39:53,000
The branched Davidians were guinea pigs, a captive audience.

480
00:39:53,000 --> 00:40:02,000
Everyone thought this was all just about sleep deprivation, but I'm not so sure.

481
00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:09,000
About 50,000 volts, about 26 watts. It's the first non-lethal device that we've seen that's truly incapacitating.

482
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:12,000
It's as close to incapacitating as anything we've ever seen.

483
00:40:12,000 --> 00:40:20,000
This is Commander Sid Heal. He's great friends with the First Earth Battalion's Colonel Alexander and calls him his mentor.

484
00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:27,000
After the Colonel, Sid is America's leading exponent of exotic non-lethal technologies.

485
00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:38,000
Sid doesn't believe that the various incidents of musical torture we've looked at are about something as banal as sleep deprivation.

486
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:46,000
I mean, sleep deprivation may be part of it, but there's easier ways of doing sleep deprivation than going to all those great lengths.

487
00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:53,000
And so as a result of that, my guess is just from what you're describing is that it's got some deeper hidden effect.

488
00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:58,000
And there was a young soldier standing with a really bright light that he was flashing on and off into the shipping container.

489
00:40:58,000 --> 00:41:03,000
It was night, really bright light that he was flashing into the shipping container.

490
00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:11,000
Sid Heal thought about Barney for a while, the flashing light, the repetitive music, and then he said he thought he had the answer.

491
00:41:11,000 --> 00:41:15,000
He said it must have been the fabled Bucca effect.

492
00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:21,000
Back in the 1950s when helicopters were crashing for no apparent reason, he was assigned to find out what's going on.

493
00:41:21,000 --> 00:41:29,000
The pilots that were surviving were describing feelings of nausea and dizziness and vertigo just before they lost control of the helicopter.

494
00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:38,000
What Dr. Bucca found out was that the rotor blades were strobing sunlight, and when it reached approximation of human brain wave frequency,

495
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:46,000
which is roughly 0.3 to 30 hertz, it was interfering with the brain's ability to send correct responses to the rest of the body.

496
00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:57,000
Sid says that for years, military scientists have tried to find a way of replicating the feelings of debilitating nausea suffered by the helicopter pilots in the late 1950s.

497
00:41:57,000 --> 00:42:04,000
The quest for the Bucca effect, Sid says, is the holy grail of the non-lethal world.

498
00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:10,000
So this technique of the flashing lights and the music and so on could be hitting people on that level.

499
00:42:10,000 --> 00:42:11,000
Almost psychic level.

500
00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:14,000
That's my guess. It'd be the ultimate non-lethal.

501
00:42:14,000 --> 00:42:20,000
It's trying to get them to talk in a...what's the word?

502
00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:22,000
Well, psychospiritual dimension.

503
00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:35,000
If you use it, because we are made up that way, besides basic fear of being hit, we also have a mental, spiritual, and psychic component, so why not use that?

504
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:42,000
Why not go straight for the place where the being actually would decide whether to say something or not?

505
00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:48,000
The problem historically has been is that the threshold between being permanently disabling and effective has been so narrow.

506
00:42:48,000 --> 00:42:57,000
For one thing is, is there any type of a non-lethal weapon that would force compliance as far as interrogation wouldn't be appealing to us at all because it wouldn't be used in court.

507
00:42:59,000 --> 00:43:05,000
But of course they don't have those legal constraints inside a shipping container in Al Quayne.

508
00:43:05,000 --> 00:43:21,000
But there might have been another use of sound at Guantanamo Bay, something really quite sinister that could explain the mystery of why Jamal was played Chris Christopherson and Matchbox 20 at normal volume.

509
00:43:36,000 --> 00:43:49,000
Six speed manual or automatic transmission, or wheel steering, 150 brake horsepower, and it's a diesel.

510
00:43:49,000 --> 00:43:56,000
The first diesel to perform like a Saab, the new 9.3 sports diesel from just 18995.

511
00:44:06,000 --> 00:44:11,000
It sounds horrible and scary, but what happened to you when your mum told you that?

512
00:44:11,000 --> 00:44:18,000
I felt worried because I've already had a social anxiety cancer with death. I thought my dad was going to die.

513
00:44:18,000 --> 00:44:21,000
What are you thinking when you look at that?

514
00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:27,000
He changed. He's there. The way he looks. He looks really weird now.

515
00:44:27,000 --> 00:44:30,000
What have you learnt from all of these things that have been going on?

516
00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:33,000
Don't smoke. Make a smoke.

517
00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:38,000
If you want to stop smoking, call 0800 169 0169.

518
00:45:03,000 --> 00:45:07,000
Sky, what do you want to watch?

519
00:45:09,000 --> 00:45:19,000
You're up to four times more likely to give up smoking when you use your local NHS stop smoking service with NRT. Call 0800 169 0169.

520
00:45:24,000 --> 00:45:28,000
Higher Energy, the new men's fragrance by Dior.

521
00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:35,000
UK Music Hall of Fame. Join us for the finale.

522
00:45:35,000 --> 00:45:48,000
With Madonna, Bono, Rita Mali, Priscilla Presley, performances by Polyphonic Spree, The Thrillz, Beverly Knight, Robbie Williams, Paul Rogers and Queen.

523
00:45:48,000 --> 00:45:52,000
UK Music Hall of Fame, after crazy rulers of the world.

524
00:45:53,000 --> 00:46:04,000
One of the great conspiracy theories is that governments try to control the minds of the people with subliminal, inaudible sounds.

525
00:46:04,000 --> 00:46:08,000
At Waco, that conspiracy theory nearly came true.

526
00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:14,000
This is Dr. Igor Smirnoff. He's a specialist in subliminal sounds.

527
00:46:14,000 --> 00:46:20,000
Midway through the Waco siege, the army flew Dr. Smirnoff to America.

528
00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:29,000
They wanted the doctor to add subliminal messages to the musical bombardment.

529
00:46:29,000 --> 00:46:34,000
The idea was to have the voice of God subliminally order David Koresh to surrender.

530
00:46:34,000 --> 00:46:45,000
Charlton Heston was going to play the voice of God and it would have happened, except the army wanted Dr. Smirnoff to take full responsibility if anything went wrong.

531
00:46:45,000 --> 00:46:48,000
The doctor refused this and that was that.

532
00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:52,000
In the end, this is how the Waco siege was resolved.

533
00:46:53,000 --> 00:47:08,000
I am relaxed. Free flow of ideas come to me now. I enjoy being creative and then we'd mix that down and say, I enjoy being creative. I am relaxed.

534
00:47:09,000 --> 00:47:15,000
Stephen was demonstrating the power of subliminal sounds there.

535
00:47:15,000 --> 00:47:21,000
He was whispering for the purposes of demonstration because you can't hear actual subliminal sounds.

536
00:47:21,000 --> 00:47:28,000
Stephen told Jim Channon about the power of these sounds during Jim's late 70s Californian odyssey.

537
00:47:28,000 --> 00:47:33,000
He says evangelical churches frequently use them with great success.

538
00:47:34,000 --> 00:47:41,000
They lace a series of subliminals saying you will give more money to the donations.

539
00:47:41,000 --> 00:47:43,000
In evangelical churches.

540
00:47:43,000 --> 00:47:44,000
Yes.

541
00:47:44,000 --> 00:47:46,000
And what they blasted during the hymns.

542
00:47:46,000 --> 00:47:47,000
Yes.

543
00:47:47,000 --> 00:47:51,000
So again, you need something as a carrier wave so that people don't hear it.

544
00:47:51,000 --> 00:47:58,000
But when people are singing or when there's some pre-recorded music, when the people are walking in, so often nowadays that may not be the choir.

545
00:47:58,000 --> 00:48:00,000
It's just a CD that's being played.

546
00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:08,000
Well, if that has also mixed underneath it suggestions to give more generously.

547
00:48:08,000 --> 00:48:10,000
Voila.

548
00:48:10,000 --> 00:48:15,000
The proof is in the putting. The proof is in the fact that the donations were increased.

549
00:48:15,000 --> 00:48:21,000
We hear stories that there's research in military circles, but I'm not privy to that.

550
00:48:21,000 --> 00:48:26,000
Could this explain why Jamal was played Chris Christopherson at normal volume?

551
00:48:26,000 --> 00:48:32,000
Were subliminal sounds being played underneath influencing Jamal to confess?

552
00:48:32,000 --> 00:48:39,000
Colonel Alexander says there isn't a chance that subliminal sounds are being used in Guantanamo Bay.

553
00:48:39,000 --> 00:48:45,000
He says my producer John Sargent and I are basically crazy for even suggesting it.

554
00:48:45,000 --> 00:48:48,000
Sounds like pixie dust to me.

555
00:48:48,000 --> 00:48:50,000
What's pixie dust?

556
00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:55,000
Magic stuff. You sprinkle out and do whatever you want with it.

557
00:48:55,000 --> 00:48:58,000
I mean, if you think about it, it makes no sense.

558
00:48:58,000 --> 00:49:02,000
I mean, the problem again with acoustics is propagation.

559
00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:08,000
We know how sound dissipates. It follows very specific physical laws.

560
00:49:08,000 --> 00:49:13,000
But how do you do that without affecting us? Anybody who's out there would hear it.

561
00:49:13,000 --> 00:49:20,000
Colonel Alexander said we were nuts to think that the army would even contemplate using subliminal sounds.

562
00:49:20,000 --> 00:49:25,000
I'm telling you, it is not something that was brought up or addressed.

563
00:49:25,000 --> 00:49:31,000
And we covered the waterfront as far as technologies.

564
00:49:31,000 --> 00:49:36,000
And the whole CT or conspiracy theory thing, you'll find a host of these things.

565
00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:42,000
About how we're warping their brains and monitoring people and all that.

566
00:49:42,000 --> 00:49:44,000
It's just nonsense.

567
00:49:44,000 --> 00:49:50,000
We left the colonel's house feeling suitably chastised, like crazy conspiracy theorists

568
00:49:50,000 --> 00:49:55,000
for thinking that the army was using subliminal sounds.

569
00:49:55,000 --> 00:50:04,000
And then we found this leaked military document listing the current advancements in non-lethal technologies.

570
00:50:04,000 --> 00:50:09,000
And buried away in it almost subliminally was this.

571
00:50:14,000 --> 00:50:21,000
And here's the list of contributors to this document.

572
00:50:21,000 --> 00:50:30,000
When I asked Colonel Alexander to explain this, he said it wasn't his fault if some of his fellow contributors

573
00:50:30,000 --> 00:50:36,000
included nutty stuff like subliminal sounds in this secret military document.

574
00:50:36,000 --> 00:50:42,000
But how do you do that without affecting us? Anybody who's out there would hear it.

575
00:50:43,000 --> 00:50:48,000
This struck me at the time as an unassailable argument. Of course it couldn't work.

576
00:50:48,000 --> 00:50:51,000
The sound operator would be influenced too.

577
00:50:51,000 --> 00:50:57,000
The thing is, I now realised, if subliminal messages had been used against Jamal,

578
00:50:57,000 --> 00:51:05,000
there was a clue in Jamal's account, a clue which suggested that the military had craftily solved this vexing problem.

579
00:51:05,000 --> 00:51:07,000
Here's the clue.

580
00:51:08,000 --> 00:51:13,000
Or you might like this. Have a listen to this. Put it in, then you're left.

581
00:51:13,000 --> 00:51:16,000
You're definitely on the dark side.

582
00:51:16,000 --> 00:51:22,000
I don't think anybody went to that length of being able to set up that elaborate of a system without some ultimate scheme in mind.

583
00:51:22,000 --> 00:51:27,000
We don't experiment on each other, not in our culture.

584
00:51:27,000 --> 00:51:34,000
My conversation with Sid Hill took place just a few weeks before these photographs leaked out into the world.

585
00:51:34,000 --> 00:51:41,000
So is Abu Ghraib, like Waco, an experimental interrogation lab, teeming with ideas?

586
00:51:41,000 --> 00:51:46,000
The Bush administration would have us believe that these are random acts of sadism,

587
00:51:46,000 --> 00:51:52,000
but this soldier, Lindy England, spoke to CBS television shortly after her arrest.

588
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:55,000
What were you thinking when those photographs were taken?

589
00:51:55,000 --> 00:51:58,000
I was thinking it was kind of weird.

590
00:51:58,000 --> 00:52:03,000
I didn't really want to be in any pictures.

591
00:52:03,000 --> 00:52:12,000
Lindy England says she was ordered to pose with the prisoners, and the people who did the ordering were none other than Syops.

592
00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:22,000
I was instructed by a person in a higher rank to stand there, hold the leash, look at the camera.

593
00:52:22,000 --> 00:52:34,000
They took a picture for Syop, told to stand there, give a thumbs up, smile, stand behind all the naked Iraqis in the pyramid, take a picture.

594
00:52:34,000 --> 00:52:42,000
Well, I mean, they were for Syop reasons, and the reasons worked.

595
00:52:42,000 --> 00:52:48,000
They'd come back and they'd look at the pictures and they'd state, well, that's a good tactic, keeping up.

596
00:52:48,000 --> 00:52:55,000
That's working, this is working. Keep doing it, getting what we need.

597
00:52:55,000 --> 00:53:02,000
We'd visited Syops in October 2003, the very same month that the Abu Ghraib photographs were taken.

598
00:53:02,000 --> 00:53:07,000
I looked back and found an interview with a Syop analyst called Dave.

599
00:53:07,000 --> 00:53:13,000
Dave was telling me about the leaflets Syops dropped in Iraq, and he was not involved with Abu Ghraib,

600
00:53:13,000 --> 00:53:18,000
but I wonder whether the same type of thinking was also behind the prison photographs.

601
00:53:18,000 --> 00:53:24,000
Maybe the photographs were Syop products designed to scare other prisoners.

602
00:53:24,000 --> 00:53:32,000
We think about what impact they will have from the perspective of Iraqis, how would Iraqis react to this, not how would Americans react to this.

603
00:53:32,000 --> 00:53:41,000
And then if the product doesn't do well that way, we have boards and we go through it and we look at each product separately and how it matches the national themes and objectives,

604
00:53:41,000 --> 00:53:46,000
how it matches our Syop themes and whether we think it has potential for success.

605
00:53:46,000 --> 00:53:52,000
Then if it passes all our muster, then we'll produce it either here or forward depending on the situation.

606
00:53:52,000 --> 00:54:00,000
It's not like selling coke, because a lot of times what you're doing here is trying to sell something they might not want in their hearts,

607
00:54:00,000 --> 00:54:03,000
but know that they have to do in order to survive.

608
00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:14,000
So it causes ambiguity and problems. It's like selling someone vitamin D to drink, or something they don't really want, but I think they might need to survive.

609
00:54:17,000 --> 00:54:25,000
The musical torture inspired by Jim Shannon seemed at odds with Jim's humanist and peace-loving First Earth Battalion manual.

610
00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:31,000
And when I first mentioned the Barney torture to Jim, his response was characteristically sweet-natured.

611
00:54:31,000 --> 00:54:35,000
He sighed and said how lovely children's music was.

612
00:54:35,000 --> 00:54:44,000
I'm actually quite pleased to hear that. If as a function of lightening the environment and giving these people some comfort,

613
00:54:44,000 --> 00:54:53,000
they would more readily explain where their forces were positioned and shorten the war, damn good.

614
00:54:54,000 --> 00:55:00,000
I think Jim was imagining something more like a crash than a shipping container in the desert heat.

615
00:55:00,000 --> 00:55:05,000
So I persevered. I told him exactly how his ideas were being interpreted,

616
00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:14,000
but Jim seemed to be in denial, like a grandparent who wouldn't countenance the idea that his grandchildren would ever misbehave.

617
00:55:14,000 --> 00:55:19,000
But I guess if they played them the Sesame Street song once or twice, then that's lightening and comforting.

618
00:55:19,000 --> 00:55:27,000
But if they play it sort of 50,000 times in a row, that's more torturous.

619
00:55:27,000 --> 00:55:29,000
I'm not a psychologist.

620
00:55:30,000 --> 00:55:39,000
In the army, ideas float around like folklore, but then when they become concrete, it seems that nobody will take responsibility for them.

621
00:55:39,000 --> 00:55:46,000
Like each of you, I'm sure, and like most Americans, I was stunned. It was a body blow.

622
00:55:46,000 --> 00:55:55,000
The army is supposed to have a logical chain of command, but if crazy ideas like mind control float around like folklore,

623
00:55:55,000 --> 00:56:02,000
nobody is accountable when they are put into practice, and so soldiers end up doing whatever they want.

624
00:56:02,000 --> 00:56:10,000
In next week's film, we see just how lethal these crazy ideas can get.

625
00:56:32,000 --> 00:56:40,000
Presley is there to represent Elvis, Rita Marley to represent Bob. Live performances, glowing tributes, the lot.